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Mum and Dad at the English Bay Inukshuk (_32_6431)
Image by [Ross]
An inuksuk (plural inuksuit) [1] (from the Inuktitut: ?????, plural ??????; alternatively inukhuk in Inuinnaqtun,[2] iñuksuk in Iñupiaq, inussuk in Greenlandic or inukshuk in English[3]) is a human-made stone landmark or cairn used by the Inuit, Inupiat, Kalaallit, Yupik, and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America. These structures are found from Alaska to Greenland. This region, above the Arctic Circle, is dominated by the tundra biome and has areas with few natural landmarks.
The inuksuk may have been used for navigation, as a point of reference, a marker for travel routes, fishing places, camps, hunting grounds, places of veneration, drift fences used in hunting [4] or to mark a food cache.[5] The Inupiat in northern Alaska used inuksuit to assist in the herding of caribou into contained areas for slaughter.[6] Varying in shape and size, the inuksuit have ancient roots in Inuit culture.[citation needed]
Historically, the most common type of inuksuk is a single stone positioned in an upright manner.[citation needed] There is some debate as to whether the appearance of human- or cross-shaped cairns developed in the Inuit culture before the arrival of European missionaries and explorers.[citation needed] The size of some inuksuit suggest that the construction was often a communal effort.[4]
At Enukso Point on Baffin Island, there are over 100 inuksuit. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1969
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